Literature: Georges Bataille (1897-1962)

Date Of Birth: September 10, 1897, Billom, Puy-de-Dôme (Auvergne), France
Date Of Death: July 9, 1962, Paris, France

Bataille was initially considered priesthood and went to a Catholic seminary but renounced his faith in 1922.
He attended the École des Chartes in Paris and graduated in February 1922.
Bataille is often referred to, interchangeably, as an archivist and a librarian. While it is true that he worked at the Bibliothèque Nationale, his work there was with medallion collections (he also published scholarly articles on numismatics), and his thesis at the École des Chartes was a critical edition of the medieval manuscript L’Ordre de chevalerie which he produced directly by classifying the eight manuscripts from which he reconstructed the poem. After graduating he moved to the School of Advanced Spanish Studies in Madrid.

Founder of several journals and literary groups, Bataille is the author of an oeuvre both abundant and diverse: readings, poems, essays on innumerable subjects (on the mysticism of economy, in passing of poetry, philosophy, the arts, eroticism). He sometimes published under pseudonyms, and some of his publications were banned. He was relatively ignored during his lifetime and scorned by contemporaries such as Jean-Paul Sartre as an advocate of mysticism, but after his death had considerable influence on authors such as Michel Foucault, Philippe Sollers and Jacques Derrida, all of whom were affiliated with the Tel Quel journal.
His influence is felt in the work of Jean Baudrillard, as well as in the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan.

Initially attracted to Surrealism, Bataille quickly fell out with its founder André Breton, although Bataille and the Surrealists resumed cautiously cordial relations after World War II. Bataille was a member of the extremely influential College of Sociology in France between World War I and World War II. The College of Sociology was also comprised of several renegade surrealists. He was heavily influenced by Hegel, Freud, Marx, Marcel Mauss, the Marquis de Sade, Alexandre Kojève and Friedrich Nietzsche, the last of whom he defended in a notable essay against appropriation by the Nazis.

Fascinated by human sacrifice, he founded a secret society, Acéphale, the symbol of which was a decapitated man. According to legend, Bataille and the other members of Acéphale each agreed to be the sacrificial victim as an inauguration; none of them would agree to be the executioner. An indemnity was offered for an executioner, but none was found before the dissolution of Acéphale shortly before the war. The group also published an eponymous review, concerned with Nietzsche's philosophy, and which attempted to think what Jacques Derrida has called an "anti-sovereignty".
Bataille thus collaborated with André Masson, Pierre Klossowski, Roger Caillois, Jules Monnerot, Jean Rollin and Jean Wahl.

Bataille drew from diverse influences and used diverse modes of discourse to create his work. His novel Story of the Eye, published under the pseudonym Lord Auch (literally, Lord "to the shithouse" — "auch" being slang for telling somebody off by sending them to the toilet), was initially read as pure pornography, while interpretation of the work has gradually matured to reveal the considerable philosophical and emotional depth that is characteristic of other writers who have been categorized within "literature of transgression." The imagery of the novel is built upon a series of metaphors which in turn refer to philosophical constructs developed in his work: the eye, the egg, the sun, the earth, the testicle. Other famous novels include the posthumous My Mother (which would become the basis of Ma mère, a French movie written and directed by Christophe Honoré) and The Blue of Noon.

The latter, with its necrophilic and political tendencies, its autobiographical or testimonial undertones, and its philosophical moments turns Story of the Eye on its head, providing a much darker and bleaker treatment of contemporary historical reality.

Bataille was also a philosopher (though he renounced this title), but for many, like Sartre, his philosophical claims bordered on atheist mysticism. During World War Two, and influenced by Kojève's reading of Hegel, and by Nietzsche, he wrote a Summa Atheologica (the title parallels Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica) which comprises his works "Inner Experience," "Guilty," and "On Nietzsche." After the war he composed his "The Accursed Share", and founded the influential journal "Critique". His singular conception of "sovereignty" (which may be described as "anti-sovereignty") was discussed by Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Luc Nancy and others.

Bataille's first marriage was to actress Silvia Maklès; they divorced in 1934, and she later married the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Bataille also had a liaison with Colette Peignot, who died in 1938. In 1946 Bataille married Diane de Beauharnais, with whom he had a daughter.
In the same year he founded one of the most respected scholarly journals in France, “Critique”.

After the war Bataille was unemployed for a long time and his financial situation was rapaidly going downhill. In 1947 he lectured at the Collegè Philosophique and edited a series of books for the publishers Minuit. From 1949 to 1951 he worked as a librarian in Carpentras in Provence, and from 1951 in Orléans. In 1961 Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst and Juan Miro arranged an auction of paintings to help him in his difficulties. Bataille died in Paris on July 8, 1962.
At that time he was ready to return back to the Bibliothèque Nationale.

Bibliography:

• Histoire De L'oeil, 1928 (Story Of The Eye) (under pseudonym of Lord Auch)
• L'anus Solaire, 1931
• Le Bleu Du Ciel, 1935 (Blue Of Noon)
• Sacrifices, 1936
• Madame Edwarda, 1937 (under pseudonym of Pierre Angélique)
• L' Expérience Intérieure, 1943 (Inner Experience)
• Le Coupable, 1944 (The Guilty)
• Dirty, 1945
• Sur Nietzsche, 1945 (On Nietzsche)
• L'Orestie, 1945
• Dianus, 1947
• L'Alleluiah, 1947
• La Haine De La Poésie, 1947
• La Part Maudite, 1949 (The Accursed Share)
• Histoire Des Rats, 1948
• Théorie De La Religion, 1948 (Theory Of Religion)
• Éponine, 1949
• L'Abbé C, 1950
• Somme athéologique I-II, 1954-61
• Lascaux, Ou, La Naissance De l'art, 1955 (Lascaux; Or, The Birth Of Art)
• Manet, 1955
• L'Érotisme Ou La Muse En Question De L'être, 1957 (Eroticism: Death And Sensuality)
• La Littérature Et Le Mal, 1957 (Literature And Evil)
• Les Larmes D'éros, 1961 (The Tears Of Eros)
• L'Impossible, 1962. (The Impossible)
• Le Petit, 1963
• Gilles De Rais, 1965 (The Trial Of Gilles De Rais)
• Ma Mère, 1966 (My Mother)
• La notion De Dépense, 1967
• Le Mort, 1967 (The Dead Man)
• La Pratique De La Joie Avant La Mort, 1967
• L'Archangélique, 1967 Documents, 1968
• Œuvres complètes, 1970-88 (12 vols.)
• Volume 1: Premiers Ecrits, 1922-1940: Histoire De L'œil - L'Anus Solaire - Sacrifices - Articles.
  
• Volume 2: Écrits Posthumes, 1922-1940
  
• Volume 3: Œuvres Littéraires: Madame Edwarda - Le Petit - L'Archangélique - L'Impossible - La Scissiparité - L'Abbé C. - L'être Différencié N'est Rien - Le Bleu Du Ciel.
  
• Volume 4: Œuvres Littéraires Posthumes: Poèmes - Le Mort - Julie - La Maison Brûlée - La Tombe De Louis XXX - Divinus Deus - Ébauches.
• Volume 5: La Somme Athéologique I: L'Expérience Intérieure - Méthode De Méditation - Post-Scriptum 1953 - Le Coupable - L'Alleluiah.
• Volume 6: La Somme Athéologique II: Sur Nietzsche - Mémorandum - Annexes.
• Volume 7: L'économie A La Mesure De L'univers - La Part Maudite - La Limite De L'utile (Fragments) - Théorie De La Religion - Conférences 1947-1948 - Annexes.
  
• Volume 8: L'Histoire De L'érotisme - Le Surréalisme Au Jour Le Jour - Conférences 1951-1953 - La Souveraineté - Annexes.
• Volume 9: Lascaux, Ou La Naissance De L’art - Manet - La Littérature Et Le Mal - Annexes
• Volume 10: L’érotisme - Le Procès De Gilles De Rais - Les Larmes d’Eros
• Volume 11: Articles I, 1944-1949
• Volume 12: Articles II, 1950-1961

• Le Collège De Sociologie (1937-1939), 1979 - The College Of Sociology (1937-1939)

Links:
Bataille on www.mysticism.nl

e-books on
(Writers section)

Literature: James Graham Ballard (1930 - 2009)

Date Of Birth: November 15, 1930, Shanghai, China
Date Of Death: April 19, 2009, London

Ballard's father was a chemist at a Manchester-headquartered textile firm, the Calico Printers Association, and became chairman and managing director of its subsidiary in Shanghai, the China Printing and Finishing Company.
Ballard spent his early childhood in and around the Shanghai International Settlement, an area under foreign control and dominated by American cultural influences. He was sent to the Cathedral School in Shanghai. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Ballard's family were forced to temporarily evacuate their suburban home and rent a house in downtown Shanghai to avoid the shells fired by Chinese and Japanese forces.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese occupied the International Settlement. In early spring 1943 they began interning Allied civilians, and Ballard was sent to the Lunghua Civilian Assembly Center with his parents and younger sister. He spent over two years, the remainder of World War II, in the internment camp.
These experiences formed the basis of Empire of the Sun, although Ballard exercised considerable artistic licence in writing the book (notably removing his parents from the bulk of the story). It is often supposed that Ballard's exposure to the atrocities of war at an impressionable age explains the apocalyptic and violent nature of much of his fiction. Martin Amis wrote that Empire of the Sun "gives shape to what shaped him."
However, Ballard's own account of the experience is more nuanced: "I don't think you can go through the experience of war without one's perceptions of the world being forever changed. The reassuring stage set that everyday reality in the suburban west presents to us is torn down; you see the ragged scaffolding, and then you see the truth beyond that, and it can be a frightening experience." But also: "I have—I won't say happy—not unpleasant memories of the camp. [...] I remember a lot of the casual brutality and beatings-up that went on—but at the same we children were playing a hundred and one games all the time!"

In 1946, after the end of the war, Ballard went to England with his mother and sister. They lived in the West Country outside Plymouth, and he attended The Leys School in Cambridge. After a couple of years his mother and sister returned to China, rejoining Ballard's father, and leaving Ballard to live with his grandparents when not boarding at school. In 1949 he went on to study medicine at King's College, Cambridge, with the intention of becoming a psychiatrist.
At university Ballard was writing avant-garde fiction heavily influenced by psychoanalysis and surrealist painters. At this time he wanted to become a writer as well as pursue a medical career.
In May 1951, when Ballard was in his second year at King's, his short story "The Violent Noon" (a Hemingwayesque pastiche written to please the jury) won a crime story competition and was published in the student newspaper Varsity.
Encouraged by the publication of his story, and realising that clinical medicine would not leave him time to write, Ballard abandoned his medical studies in 1952 and went to the University of London to read English Literature.
However, he was asked to leave at the end of the year. Ballard then worked as a copywriter for an advertising agency and as an encyclopaedia salesman. He kept writing short fiction, but found it impossible to get published.

In 1953 Ballard joined the RAF, and was sent to the RCAF flight-training base in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada. There he discovered science fiction in American magazines. While in the RAF he also wrote his first science fiction story, "Passport to Eternity", as a pastiche and summary of the American SF he had read.
Ballard left the RAF in 1954 after two years, and returned to England.
In 1955 he married Helen Mary Matthews and settled in Chiswick. Their first child (of three) was born in 1956, and his first published science fiction story, "Prima Belladonna", was printed in the December issue of New Worlds that year. The editor of New Worlds, Edward J. Carnell, would remain an important supporter of Ballard's writing, and would publish nearly all of his early stories.

From 1957 Ballard worked as assistant editor on the scientific journal Chemistry and Industry. His interest in art led to his involvement in the emerging Pop Art movement, and in the late fifties he exhibited a number of collages that represented his ideas for a new kind of novel. Ballard's avant-garde inclinations did not sit comfortably in the science fiction mainstream of that time, which held attitudes he considered philistine.
Briefly attending the 1957 Science Fiction Convention in London, Ballard left disillusioned and demoralised, and did not write another story for a year. By the late 60s, however, he had become an editor of the avant-garde Ambit Magazine, which was more in keeping with his aesthetic ideals.

In 1960 Ballard moved with his family to Shepperton, outside London. Finding that commuting to work did not leave him time to write, Ballard decided he had to make a break and become a full-time writer. He wrote his first novel, The Wind from Nowhere, over a two-week holiday simply to gain a foothold as a professional writer, not intending it as a "serious novel" (in books published later, it is omitted from the list of his works). When it was successfully published in January of 1962, he quit his job at Chemistry and Industry, and from then on supported himself and his family as a writer.
Later that year his second—breakthrough—novel, The Drowned World, was published. It established his stature as an exciting science fiction writer in the fledgling New Wave movement. Collections of his stories started getting published, and Ballard delivered more, with frantic productivity, while pushing to expand the scope of acceptable material for science fiction with such stories as "The Terminal Beach".

In 1964, Ballard's wife Mary died of pneumonia, leaving him to raise their three children by himself. (The autobiographical novel The Kindness of Women gives a different, apparently fictional account of her death.) After this profound shock, Ballard began in 1965 to write the stories that would become The Atrocity Exhibition, while continuing to produce stories within the science fiction genre.
The Atrocity Exhibition proved controversial (it was the subject of an obscenity trial, and in the United States, publisher Doubleday destroyed almost the entire print run before it was distributed), but it also marked Ballard's breakthrough as a literary writer. It remains one of his seminal works, and was filmed in 2001.
One chapter of The Atrocity Exhibition is titled "Crash!", and in 1970 Ballard organised an exhibition of crashed cars at the New Arts Laboratory, appropriately called "Crashed Cars". The crashed vehicles were displayed without commentary, inspiring vitriolic responses and vandalism.
In both the story and the art exhibition, Ballard explored the sexual potential of car crashes, a preoccupation which culminated in the novel Crash in 1973.
The main character of Crash is called James Ballard and lives in Shepperton (though other biographical details do not match the writer), and curiosity about the relationship between the character and his author gained fuel when Ballard suffered a serious automobile accident shortly after completing the novel.

Regardless of real-life basis, Crash proved just as controversial as The Atrocity Exhibition, especially when it was later filmed by David Cronenberg. Although Ballard continued to write interesting stories through the seventies and eighties, his breakthrough into the mainstream came only with Empire of the Sun, based on his years in Shanghai and the Lunghua internment camp.
It established Ballard's name in the literary mainstream and was awarded the 1984 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction, although the books that followed failed to achieve the same degree of success. Empire of the Sun was filmed by Steven Spielberg in 1987, starring a young Christian Bale as Jim (Ballard). Ballard himself appears briefly in the film, and he has described the experience of seeing his childhood memories reenacted and reinterpreted as bizarre.

Ballard continued to write towards the end of his life (of his recent novels, Cocaine Nights was particularly well received), and also contributed occasional journalism and criticism to the British press. His last book was his autobiography Miracles Of Life, written after he was diagnosed with terminal prostate cancer (which metastasised to his spine and ribs) in June 2006.
He died of the disease on 19 April 2009.

Those who know Ballard from his autobiographical novels will not be prepared for the subject matter that Ballard most commonly pursues, as his most common genre is dystopia.
His most celebrated early novel is Crash, in which cars symbolise the mechanisation of the world and man's capacity to destroy himself with the technology he creates; and the characters (the protagonist, called Ballard, included) become involved in a violent obsession with the psychosexuality of car crashes. Ballard's disturbing novel was turned into a controversial - and also disturbing - film by David Cronenberg.

Particularly revered among Ballard's admirers is his short story collection Vermilion Sands, set in an eponymous desert resort town inhabited by forgotten starlets, insane heirs, very eccentric artists, and the merchants and bizarre servants who provide for them.
Each story features some especially exotic technology, such as poetry-composing computers, orchids with operatic voices and egos, phototropic self-painting canvasses, and so on. In key with Ballard's central themes, these tawdry and weird technologies serve to bring out dark and hidden desires and schemes in the human castaways that occupy Vermilion Sands, often with psychologically grotesque and physically fatal results.

In his introduction to Vermilion Sands, Ballard cites this as his favorite collection.

In a similar vein, his collection Memories of the Space Age explores many varieties of individual and collective psychological fallout from — and initial deep motivation for — the American space exploration boom of the 1960s and 1970s.
In addition to his novels, Ballard has made extensive use of the short story form. Many of his earliest published works in the 1950s and 1960s were short stories.

On December 13th 1965 BBC Two screened an adaptation of the short story "Thirteen to Centaurus" directed by Peter Potter. The one hour drama formed part of the first season of Out of the Uknown, and starred Donald Houston as Dr Francis and James Hunter as Abel Granger.
In 2003, Ballard's short story "The Enormous Space" (first published in the Science fiction magazine Interzone in 1989, subsequently printed in the collection of Ballard's short stories War Fever) was adapted into an hour-long television film for the BBC entitled Home by Richard Curson Smith, who also directed it.
The plot follows a middle class man who chooses to abandon the outside world and restrict himself to his house, becoming a hermit.

Ballard's fiction is sophisticated, often bizarre, and a constant challenge to the cognitive and aesthetic preconceptions of his readers.
As Martin Amis has written: "Ballard is quite unlike anyone else; indeed, he seems to address a different - a disused - part of the reader's brain." Because of this tendency to upset readers in order to enlighten them, Ballard does not enjoy a mass-market following, but he is recognised by critics as one of the UK's most prominent writers.

He has been influential beyond his mass market success; he is cited as perhaps the most important forebear of the cyberpunk movement by Bruce Sterling in his introduction to the seminal Mirrorshades anthology.
Also, his parody (or psychoanalysis) of American politics, the pamphlet "Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan" (subsequently included as a chapter in his experimental novel The Atrocity Exhibition), was photocopied and distributed by pranksters at the 1980 Republican National Convention.
A bookseller in Brighton had been prosecuted for selling this pamphlet in the early 1970s, under UK obscenity legislation.
According to Brian McHale, The Atrocity Exhibition is an essentially post-modern text operating with sci-fi topoi.
In Simulacra and Simulation, Jean Baudrillard hailed Crash as the first great novel of the universe of simulation.
Lee Killough directly cites his seminal Vermilion Sands short stories as the inspiration for her collection "Aventine", also a backwater resort for celebrities and eccentrics where bizarre or frivolous novelty technology facilitates the expression of dark intents and drives.

(Wikipedia)

______________________________________

Bibliography:

(Novels)

• The Wind From Nowhere (1961)
• The Drowned World (1962)
• The Burning World (1964) (also The Drought) (1965)
• The Crystal World (1966)
• The Atrocity Exhibition (1969) (also Love And Napalm: Export USA) (1972)
• Crash (1973)
  
• Concrete Island (1974)
• High-Rise (1975)
• The Unlimited Dream Company (1979)
• Hello America (1981)
• Empire Of The Sun (1984)
• The Day Of Creation (1987)
• Running Wild (1988)
• The Kindness Of Women (1991)
• Rushing To Paradise (1994)
• Cocaine Nights (1996)
• Super-Cannes (2000)
• Millennium People (2003)
• Kingdom Come (2006)

(Short Story Collections)

• The Voices Of Time And Other Stories (1962)
• Billennium (1962)
• Passport To Eternity (1963)
• The Four-Dimensional Nightmare (1963)
• The Terminal Beach (1964)
• The Impossible Man (1966)
• The Venus Hunters (1967)
• The Overloaded Man (1967)
• The Disaster Area (1967)
• The Day Of Forever (1967)
• Vermilion Sands (1971)
• Chronopolis And Other Stories (1971)
• Low-Flying Aircraft And Other Stories (1976)
• The Best Of J. G. Ballard (1977)
• The Best Short Stories Of J. G. Ballard (1978)
• Myths Of The Near Future (1982)
• The Voices Of Time (1985)
• Memories Of The Space Age (1988)
• War Fever (1990)
• The Complete Short Stories Of J. G. Ballard (2001)
• The Complete Short Stories Of J. G. Ballard Volume 1 (2006)
• The Complete Short Stories Of J. G. Ballard Volume 2 (2006)

(Other)

• Miracles Of Life: Shanghai To Shepperton (2008)

______________________________________



______________________________________

(Film Adaptations Of J.G. Ballard's Work)

• When Dinosaurs Ruled The Earth (1970) (dir. Val Guest)
  
• Empire Of The Sun (1987) (dir. Steven Spielberg)
• Crash (1996) (dir. David Cronenberg )
• The Atrocity Exhibition (2001) (dir. Jonathan Weiss)
• Aparelho Voador a Baixa Altitude (2002) (dir. Solveig Nordlund) (A Portuguese adaptation of the short story "Low Flying Aircraft")

(For BBC Television)

• Thirteen To Centaurus (1965) (dir. Peter Potter)
• Home (2003) (dir. Richard Curson Smith)

______________________________________

moreover, about J.G. Ballard see:


Links:
Ballardian: The World Of JG Ballard
Rick McGrath: JG Ballard
jgballard.com
A Collector's Guide
The Terminal Collection

Literature: William S. Burroughs (1914-1997)

Date Of Birth: February 5, 1914, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Date Of Death: August 2, 1997, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

William Seward Burroughs II was born 5 February 1914, in St. Louis, Missouri, into a world of relative wealth and comfort from the profits of the Burroughs Adding Machine Corporation.
His grandfather, after whom he was named, was the inventor of the adding machine.
At 8 years of age, uses his first gun, writes first story, "The Autobiography of a Wolf." Refuses editorial advice of parents to change autobiography to biography.

When Burroughs is 13, he discovers the autobiography of Jack Black, You Can't Win, and becomes enamored of the outlaw, underground lifestyle.
Black introduces him to the idea of the being a member of the Johnson Family. First published in the John Burroughs Review in 1929. A short essay entitled "Personal Magnetism".
He considers it an early attempt at debunking control systems.
Sent to Los Alamos Boys School in New Mexico. Later claims the only thing he learned there was a hatred of horses.
He is graduated from Harvard in 1936.
In New York, 1939, cuts off left little finger.
Shows it to his analyst at the time, who takes him to Bellevue.
Burroughs tells a psychiatrist there that he did as part of "an initiation ceremony into the Crow Indian tribe".

In the Summer of 1942, moves to Chicago, takes job with A. J. Cohen, Exterminators. "I go into an apartment and I know where all the roaches are," he later claims.
Moves to New York the next year. Befriends Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Lucien Carr and David Kammerer around this time.
On 13 August 1944, Lucien Carr kills David Kammerer in self defense. Kerouac and Burroughs are arrested as material witnesses because they did not initially report the murder.
Later, they collaborate on a novel based on the events, And the Hippos Were Boiled in their Tanks.
It was rejected by several publishers at the time and has never been published.
Burroughs meets Joan Vollmer. Along with Ginsberg and Kerouac, they begin experimenting with drugs and extreme behaviors.
Meets Herbert Huncke around this time. Kerouac introduces Joan to Benzedrine inhalers, to which she soon becomes addicted.
Sometime in 1946, Burroughs injects himself with a morphine Syrette. Discovers junk ecstasy, begins addiction.
In the midst of junk despair, Burroughs has a vision of a cocktail waitress bringing him a skull on a tray. "I don't want your fucking skull," he says. "Take it back!"
Moves in with Joan, they become lovers. Joan tells him that he "makes love like a pimp."

In April of 1946, Burroughs is arrested for obtaining narcotics through fraud. Joan is committed to Bellevue for acute amphetamine psychosis. Burroughs attempts to rescue her from New York. Convinces her to move to East Texas with him. Huncke eventually moves in with them.
All three live in a small house near New Waverly, growing marijuana and laying low.
On 21 July 1947, William Burroughs III is born.

Allen Ginsberg and Neal Cassady visit in August of 1947. The Burroughs' move to New Orleans in 1948. Kerouac and Cassady visit, as immortalized in On the Road.
Burroughs is arrested in New Orleans for possession of drugs, elects not to stand trial, moves family to Mexico City in 1949.

On Thursday the 6th of September, 1951, at a desultory party, Burroughs suggests that he and Joan do their William Tell act.
Joan balances a highball glass on her head, turns her head to one side, saying, "I can't watch this- you know I can't stand the sight of blood."
Burroughs shoots and hits Joan in the side of the head, killing her.
Later he states: "I am forced to the appalling conclusion that I would never have become a writer but for Joan's death."

Burroughs travels to Columbia in 1953 to find the entheogenic vine Yage, meets Richard Evans Schultes, who councils him about the plant. Writes to Ginsberg about his experiences, which are later published as The Yage Letters.
In 1954, Burroughs moves to Tangiers, Morocco. Introduced to Paul Bowles. Meets Brion Gysin, who becomes a pivotal catalyst for Burroughs.
Begins initial forays into unleashing his word hoard and deeper addictions to junk. Kerouac, Ginsberg and Peter Orlovsky visit him in 1956. Kerouac helps Burroughs to organize the "routines" that would later become The Naked Lunch, the title from a suggestion of Kerouac's years before.

Early in 1958, sick of Tangiers, he leaves to stay with Ginsberg in Paris. Meets Maurice Girodias of Olympia Press, who decides to publish The Naked Lunch in 1959.
Moves to London in 1960.
Back in Tangiers in August of 1961, with Ginsberg and others, meets Timothy Leary who gives them all mushrooms. Burroughs doesn't enjoy the experience, saying: "Urgent warning. I think I'll stay here in shriveling envelopes of larval flesh... One of the nastiest cases ever produced by this department." Writes prolifically and lives nomadically throughout 60's, returns to New York in 1974. He has not lived in the US for 24 years. Meets James Grauerholz, who becomes Burroughs' life manager, helping him to organize and publish his writings. Burroughs' son, Billy, dies in a ditch after a hard and lonely life on 3 March 1981.

Burroughs moves to Lawrence, Kansas with Grauerholz. In May of 1982, Burroughs is inducted into the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.
Died on 2 August 1997 of a heart attack in Lawrence, Kansas. He was 83 years old.
(Popsubculture)

______________________________________

Bibliography:

(Novels)

• Junkie (1953)
• Queer (Written 1951-3; Published 1985)
• Naked Lunch (1959)
• The Soft Machine (1961)
• The Ticket That Exploded (1962)
• Dead Fingers Talk (1963)
• Nova Express (1964)
• The Last Words Of Dutch Schultz (1969)
• The Wild Boys: A Book Of The Dead (1971)
• Port Of Saints (1973)
• Cities Of The Red Night (1981)
• The Place Of Dead Roads (1983)
• The Western Lands (1987)
• My Education: A Book Of Dreams (1995)

(Stories And Novellas)

• Valentine's Day Reading (1965)
• Time (1965)
• Apo-33 (1966)
• So Who Owns Death Tv? (1967)
• The Dead Star (1969)
• Ali's Smile (1971)
• Mayfair Academy Series More Or Less (1973)
• White Subway (1973)
• Exterminator! (1973)
• The Book Of Breething ("Ah Pook Is Here") (1974)
• Snack... (1975)
• Cobble Stone Gardens (1976)
• Blade Runner (A Movie) (1979)
• Dr. Benway (1979)
• Die Alten Filme (The Old Movies) (1979)
• Streets Of Chance (1981)
• Early Routines (1981)
• Sinki's Sauna (1982)
• Ruski (1984)
• The Four Horsemen Of The Apocalypse (1984)
• The Cat Inside (1986)
• The Whole Tamale (C.1987-88)
• Interzone (1987)
• Tornado Alley (1989)
• Ghost Of Chance (1991)
• Seven Deadly Sins (1992)
• Paper Cloud; Thick Pages (1992)

(Non-Fiction)

• The Job (1969) (With Daniel Odier)
• Jack Kerouac (1970) (With Claude Pelieu)
• The Electronic Revolution (1971)
• The Retreat Diaries (1976)
• Letters To Allen Ginsberg 1953-1957 (1976)
• Last Words: The Final Journals Of William S. Burroughs (2000)
• Evil River (2007)

(Collaborations)

• And The Hippos Were Boiled In Their Tanks (1945 - Unpublished) (With Jack Kerouac)
• Minutes To Go (1960) (With Sinclair Beilles, Gregory Corso And Brion Gysin)
• The Exterminator (1960) (With Brion Gysin)
• The Yage Letters (1963) (With Allen Ginsberg)
• Brion Gysin Let The Mice In (1973) (With Brion Gysin)
• Sidetripping (1975) (With Charles Gatewood)
• Colloque De Tangier (1976) (With Brion Gysin)
• The Third Mind (1977) (With Brion Gysin)
• Colloque De Tangier Vol. 2 (1979) (With Brion Gysin And Gérard-Georges Lemaire)
• Apocalypse (1988) (With Keith Haring)

(Film Collaborations/Cameos/Videos)

• Burroughs - The Movie (VHS) (1985, Giorno Poetry Systems)
  
• William S. Burroughs - Commissioner of Sewers (Dir: Klaus Maeck) (1986)
• Kerouac (Dir: John Antonelli) (1987) (Cameo)
• Towers Open Fire (VHS) (1989, Mystic Fire Video)
• Drugstore Cowboy (Dir: Gus Van Sant) (1989) (Cameo)
• The Naked Lunch (Dir: David Cronenberg) (1991)
• My Own Private Idaho (Dir: Gus Van Sant) (1992) (Cameo)
• The Final Academy Documents (2002)
• Thee Films 1950's ~ 1960's (VHS) (Temple Records)

(Recordings)

• Call Me Burroughs (1965, The English Bookshop) (1995, Rhino Word Beat)
• The Nova Convention (1979)
• Nothing Here Now But The Recordings (1981, Industrial Records, Ir0016)
• Abandoned Artifacts (1981, Fresh Sounds Inc)
  
• You're The Guy I Want To Share My Money With (1981) (With John Giorno And Laurie Anderson)
• Laurie Anderson - Mister Heartbreak (1984) (Burroughs Speaks The Lyrics To The Song "Sharkey's Night")
• Laurie Anderson - Home Of The Brave (1986) (A Sample Of Burroughs Intoning "Listen To My Heart Beat" Is Incorporated Into The Song "Late Show")
• Break Through In Grey Room (1986, Sub Rosa)
• The Doctor Is On The Market (1986, LTM Publishing (Les Temps Modernes))
  
• Smack My Crack(1987)
• Uncommon Quotes (1988, Caravan Of Dreams Productions)
  
• John Giorno - Like A Girl I Want To Keep Coming (1989)
• Material - Seven Souls (1989)
• Dead City Radio (1990, Island Records)
• Millions Of Images (1990, Singles Only Label) (With Gus Van Sant)
• The Elvis Of Letters (1991, Tim/Kerr Records) (With Gus Van Sant)
• Ministry - Just One Fix (1992) (Burroughs Speaks The Lyrics To The Song "Quick Fix" And Created The Cover Art)
• The Black Rider (1992) (Musical Co-Authored With Tom Waits And Robert Wilson, Sings On "T'ain't No Sin")
• Spare Ass Annie And Other Tales (1993, Island Records)
• The "Priest" They Called Him (1993, Tim/Kerr Records)
• Vaudeville Voices (1993, Grey Matter)
• Words Of Advice For Young People (1993, Island Records)
  
• 10%: File Under Burroughs (1996)
• VV.AA. - Songs In The Key Of X (1996) / In Time: The Best Of R.E.M. 1988-2003 Bonus Disc (2003) (Burroughs Records His Vocal Over An Instrumental Version Of R.E.M.'S "Star Me Kitten")
• La Révolution Electronique (Crash)
• The Best Of William Burroughs From Giorno Poetry Systems (1998, Mercury)
  
• Stoned Immaculate: The Music Of The Doors (2000) (Burroughs Reads Poetry By Jim Morrison Over Music Provided By The Doors On The Track "Is Everybody In?")
• Real English Tea Made Here (2007, Audio Research Editions)
  

Call Me Burroughs (1965,1995)







Break Through In Grey Room (1986)

Uncommon Quotes (1988)








Dead City Radio (1990)








The Elvis Of Letters (1991)







Spare Ass Annie And Other Tales (1993)








The "Priest" They Called Him (1993)







Selections From The Best Of William Burroughs From Giorno Poetry Systems (1998)






The Best Of William Burroughs From Giorno Poetry Systems (1998)







Real English Tea Made Here (2007)

Three Allusive Tracks From Break Through In Grey Room (2009)

______________________________________

Links:
William Buys A Parrot (1963)
Bill And Tony (1972)
Antony Balch & William S. Burroughs - Towers Open Fire (1963)
Ghost At N°9 (Paris) (1963-72)
The Cut-Ups (1966)
Thanksgiving Prayer

______________________________________

Password: interzona23

Literature: Philip K. Dick (1928-1982)

Date Of Birth: December 16, 1928, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Date Of Death: March 2, 1982, Santa Ana, California, USA

He was born prematurely, along with his twin sister Jane, in Chicago on December 16, 1928.
His father was Edgar Dick, his mother Dorothy Kindred - from her maiden name came Dick's middle initial.
Jane died six weeks after her birth, a loss that Phil felt deeply throughout his life. As time went on, Phil came, with whatever justice, to blame his mother for Jane's death. His relationship with both of his parents was decidedly difficult, and made only more so when they divorced when he was five years old.

Sister Jane, his mother, and his father served as models for many of the characters who would populate Dick's fictional universes in the decades to come. In particular, the death of Jane - and Phil's traumatic sense of separation from her, an experience common to many twins who have lost their sibling - contributed to the dualist (twin-poled) dilemmas that dominated his creative work - science fiction (SF)/mainstream, real/fake, human/android.
It was out of these pressing dualities that the two vast questions emerged which Dick often cited as encompassing his writing: What is Real? and What is Human?

Mother Dorothy retained custody over her son, and they eventually settled in Berkeley, where Dick grew up, graduated from high school, and briefly attended the University of California in 1949 before dropping out.

Starting in seventh grade, however, Dick began suffering from bouts of extreme vertigo; the vertigo recurred with special intensity during his brief undergraduate stint. In his late teens, Dick later recalled, he was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia - a label that terrified him. Other psychotherapists and psychiatrists in later years would offer other diagnoses, including the one that Dick was quite sane.

Leaving aside medical terminology, there is no question that Dick felt himself, throughout his life, to suffer from bouts of psychological anguish that he frequently referred to as "nervous breakdowns." His experience of these was transmuted into fictional portraits, most notably of "ex-schizophrenic" Jack Bohlen in Martian Time-Slip (1964).

In a 1968 "Self Portrait" he recalled the moment of discovery of the genre that would ultimately set him free to write of the complex realities of his own personal experience:

"I was twelve [in 1940] when I read my first sf magazine…it was called Stirring Science Stories and ran, I think, four issues….I came across the magazine quite by accident; I was actually looking for Popular Science. I was most amazed. Stories about science? At once I recognized the magic which I had found, in earlier times, in the Oz books - this magic now coupled not with magic wands but with science…In any case my view became magic equals science…and science (of the future) equals magic."

This is not to say that Dick read only SF during his coming of age years. On the contrary, he was an omnivorous and devouring reader, taking in Xenophon's Anabasis, Joyce's Finnegans Wake, the French realists such as Stendhal, Flaubert and Maupassant - all this and much more by his early twenties. Dick gave credit to the American Depression-era writer James T. Farrell, author of Studs Lonigan, for helping Dick see how to construct the SF stories that he sold in such numbers to the SF pulps in the early 1950s.

And even though Dick never lost his yearning to be accepted by the literary mainstream, he always regarded it as a kind of treason to deprecate the SF genre he grew up on and flourished in. As he wrote in 1980, two years before his death:

"I want to write about people I love, and put them into a fictional world spun out of my own mind, not the world we actually have, because the world we actually have does not meet my standards. Okay, so I should revise my standards; I'm out of step. I should yield to reality. I have never yielded to reality. That's what SF is all about. If you wish to yield to reality, go read Philip Roth; read the New York literary establishment mainstream bestselling writers….This is why I love SF. I love to read it; I love to write it. The SF writer sees not just possibilities but wild possibilities. It's not just 'What if' - it's 'My God; what if' - in frenzy and hysteria. The Martians are always coming."

From age fifteen to his early twenties, Dick was employed in two Berkeley shops, University Radio and Art Music, owned by Herb Hollis, a salt-of-the-earth American small businessman who became a kind of father-figure for Dick and served as an inspiration for a number of his later fictional characters, most notably Leo Bulero in The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch (1965), who, in the memo to his employees that serves as the frontispiece to that novel, gruffly affirms the human spirit:

"I mean, after all; you have to consider we're only made out of dust. That's admittedly not much to go on and we shouldn't forget that. But even considering, I mean it's a sort of bad beginning, we're not doing too bad. So I personally have faith that even in this lousy situation we're faced with we can make it. You get me?"

Three Stigmata, which deals with a terrifying Gnostic-style demiurgic invasion of earth by means of the eerily permeating hallucinogen "Chew-Z," so fascinated Beatle John Lennon that he considered making a film of it.

In the early 1950s, with the helpful mentorship of SF editor and Berkeley resident Anthony Boucher, Dick began to publish stories in the SF pulps of the era at an astonishing rate - seven of his stories appeared in June 1953 alone. He soon gave up his employment in the Hollis shops to pursue the economically insecure career of an SF writer.

In 1954, Dick later recalled with humor, he met one of his SF idols, A. E. Van Vogt, at an SF convention, where Van Vogt proceeded to convince the neophyte writer that there was more money to be made in novels than in stories. Henceforward, Dick's rate of production of SF novels was as remarkable as his story output had been. At his creative peak, he published sixteen SF novels between 1959 and 1964. During this same period, he also wrote mainstream novels that went unpublished, much to his anguish. To this day, it is his SF work for which Dick is best remembered, and justly so.

After a very brief failed first marriage in 1948, remarried four times - to Kleo Apostolides in 1950, to Anne Williams Rubenstein in 1959, to Nancy Hackett in 1966, and to Tessa Busby in 1973. There was one child born in each of the latter three marriages -respectively, his daughters Laura and Isa and son Christopher. During his lifetime, Dick was regarded with respect by SF fans and fellow writers, though his sales never came close to matching those of the most popular SF writers of his era such as Isaac Asimov, Robert Heinlein and Frank Herbert.

Dick received the Hugo Award in 1963 for The Man in the High Castle, which tells of a post-World War II world in which Japan and Germany are the victors and the continental United States is roughly divided between them. In devising the plot, Dick employed the I Ching on several occasions and also integrated that divinatory text into the narrative itself - marking its debut in American fiction.

In February and March 1974, Dick experienced a series of visions and auditions including an information-rich "pink light" beam that transmitted directly into his consciousness. A year after the events, in March 1975, Dick summarized the 2-3-74 experiences that would pervade his writing for the final eight years of his life:

"I speak of The Restorer of What Was Lost The Mender of What Was Broken."

"March 16, 1974: It appeared - in vivid fire, with shining colors and balanced patterns - and released me from every thrall, inner and outer.

"March 18, 1974: It, from inside me, looked out and saw the world did not compute, that I - and it - had been lied to. It denied the reality, and power, and authenticity of the world, saying, 'This cannot exist; it cannot exist.'

"March 20, 1974: It seized me entirely, lifting me from the limitations of the space-time matrix; it mastered me as, at the same time, I knew that the world around me was cardboard, a fake. Through its power of perception I saw what really existed, and through its power of no-thought decision, I acted to free myself. It took on in battle, as a champion of all human spirits in thrall, every evil, every Iron Imprisoning thing."

There are those who are eager to create a "Saint Phil" who emerged from this experience. In that regard, it is wise to remember that Dick himself always bore in mind what he called the "minimum hypothesis" -that is, the possibility that all that he had undergone was merely self-delusion.

On the other hand, there are those who regard Dick as a charlatan who foisted upon his readers a pseudo-mystical revelation fueled by mental disorder. But surely a charlatan is one who insists on the seriousness and accuracy of his claims. This Dick never did. One has only to go and read VALIS (1981) to find a piercingly knowing humor in Dick's portrayal of himself as Horselover Fat:

"…Fat must have come up with more theories than there are stars in the universe. Every day he developed a new one, more cunning, more exciting and more fucked."

Those who insist on the "truth" or "falsehood" of Dick's experience of 2-3-74 are missing the central point: that those experiences provided him with the means to explore, with integrity, insight, and humility, the difficulties of making sense of any spiritual path in a relentlessly secular and cynical Western culture in which even apparent revelations can be instantly repackaged as popular entertainment.

Dick died on March 2, 1982, the result of a combination of recurrent strokes accompanied by heart failure. In a 1981 entry in his Exegesis (an extensive journal he kept to explore the ramifications of 2-3-74) Dick wrote as focused a self-assessment of his aims and talents as a writer as can be found in any of his journals, letters, essays, and interviews:

"I am a fictionalizing philosopher, not a novelist; my novel & story-writing ability is employed as a means to formulate my perception. The core of my writing is not art but truth. Thus what I tell is the truth, yet I can do nothing to alleviate it, either by deed or explanation. Yet this seems somehow to help a certain kind of sensitive troubled person, for whom I speak. I think I understand the common ingredient in those whom my writing helps: they cannot or will not blunt their own intimations about the irrational, mysterious nature of reality, &, for them, my corpus is one long ratiocination regarding this inexplicable reality, an integration & presentation, analysis & response & personal history."

One can readily imagine this passage having been written by Franz Kafka in his diary. And it is among the great fictionalizing philosophers of the twentieth century - Kafka, Jorge Luis Borges, Samuel Beckett, Rene Daumal, Flann O'Brien - that Dick's place in literary history lies. His uniqueness in this lineage is all the greater for his ability to have created great works in the broadly popular SF form. Dick remains compulsively, convulsingly readable. He is the master of the psychological pratfall, the metaphysical freefall, the political conspiracy within a conspiracy within a conspiracy. He is - as much as any contemporary writer we have - an astute guide to the shifting realities of the twenty-first century.
(Lawrence Sutin)

Bibliography:

(Novels)

• Solar Lottery (1955)
• The World Jones Made (1956)
• The Man Who Japed (1956)
• Eye In The Sky (1957)
• The Cosmic Puppets (1957)
• Time Out Of Joint (1959)
• Dr. Futurity (1960)
• Vulcan's Hammer (1960)
• The Man In The High Castle (1962)
• The Game-Players Of Titan (1963)
• The Penultimate Truth (1964)
• Martian Time-Slip (1964)
• The Simulacra (1964)
• Clans Of The Alphane Moon (1964)
• The Three Stigmata Of Palmer Eldritch (1965) (eng.) (it.)
• Dr. Bloodmoney, Or How We Got Along After The Bomb (1965)
• Now Wait For Last Year (1966)
• The Crack In Space (1966)
• The Unteleported Man (1966)
• The Zap Gun (1967)
• Counter-Clock World (1967)
• The Ganymede Takeover (With Ray Nelson) (1967)
• Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep? (1968)
• Galactic Pot-Healer (1969) (it.) (it.)
• Ubik (1969) (eng.) (it.)
  
• A Maze Of Death (1970)
• Our Friends From Frolix 8 (1970)
• We Can Build You (1972)
• Flow My Tears, The Policeman Said (1974)
• Confessions Of A Crap Artist (1975)
• Deus Irae (With Roger Zelazny) (1976)
• A Scanner Darkly (1977)
• VALIS (1981)
• The Divine Invasion (1981)
• The Transmigration Of Timothy Archer (1982)
• The Man Whose Teeth Were All Exactly Alike (1984)
• Radio Free Albemuth (1985)
• Puttering About In A Small Land (1985)
• In Milton Lumky Territory (1985)
• Humpty Dumpty In Oakland (1986)
• Mary And The Giant (1987)
• The Broken Bubble (1988)
• Nick And The Glimmung (1988)
• Gather Yourselves Together (1994)
• Lies, Inc. (2004)

(Short Stories)

1952 "Beyond Lies The Wub", "The Gun", "The Skull", "The Little Movement"

1953 "The Defenders", "Mr. Spaceship", "Piper In The Woods", "Roog", "The Infinites", "Second Variety", "The World She Wanted", "Colony", "The Cookie Lady", "Impostor", "Martians Come In Clouds" ("The Buggies"), "Paycheck", "The Preserving Machine", "The Cosmic Poachers" ("Burglar"), "Expendable" ("He Who Waits"), "The Indefatigable Frog", "The Commuter", "Out In The Garden", "The Great C", "The King Of The Elves" ("Shadrach Jones And The Elves"), "The Trouble With Bubbles" ("Plaything"), "The Variable Man", "The Impossible Planet" ("Legend"), "Planet For Transients" ("The Itinerants"), "Some Kinds Of Life" ("The Beleagured"), "The Builder", "The Hanging Stranger", "Project: Earth" ("One Who Stole"), "The Eyes Have It", "Tony And The Beetles"

1954 "Prize Ship", ("Globe From Ganymede"), "Beyond The Door", "The Crystal Crypt", "A Present For Pat", "The Short Happy Life Of The Brown Oxford", "The Golden Man" ("The God Who Runs"), "James P. Crow", "Prominent Author", "Small Town", "Survey Team", "Sales Pitch", "Time Pawn" (Expanded As The Novel "Dr, Futurity"), "Breakfast At Twilight", "The Crawlers" ("Foundling Home"), "Of Withered Apples", "Exhibit Piece", "Adjustment Team", "Shell Game", "Meddler", "Souvenir", "A World Of Talent", "The Last Of The Masters" ("Protection Agency"), "Progeny", "Upon The Dull Earth", "The Father-Thing", "Strange Eden" ("Immolation"), "Jon's World" ("Jon"), "The Turning Wheel"

1955 "Foster, You're Dead", "Human Is", "War Veteran", "Captive Market", "Nanny", "The Hood Maker" ("Immunity"), "The Chromium Fence", "Service Call", "A Surface Raid", "The Mold Of Yancy", "Autofac", "Psi-Man Heal My Child! ("Psi-Man" And "Outside Consultant")

1956 "The Minority Report" , "To Serve The Master" ("Be As Gods!"), "Pay For The Printer", "A Glass Of Darkness" (Magazine Version Of "The Cosmic Puppets")

1957 "The Unreconstructed M", "Misadjustment"

1958 "Null-O" ("Looney Lemuel")

1959 "Explorers We", "Recall Mechanism", "Fair Game", "War Game"

1963 "All We Marsmen", "Stand-By" ("Top Stand-By Job"), "What'll We Do With Ragland Park?" ("No Ordinary Guy"), "The Days Of Perky Pat", "If There Were No Benny Cemoli"

1964 "Waterspider", "Novelty Act", "Oh, To Be A Blobel!", "The War With The Fnools", "What The Dead Men Say" ("Man With A Broken Match"), "Orpheus With Clay Feet", "Cantata 140", "A Game Of Unchance", "The Little Black Box", "Precious Artifact", "The Unteleported Man"

1965 "Retreat Syndrome", "Project Plowshare"

1966 "We Can Remember It For You Wholesale", "Holy Quarrel", "Your Appointment Will Be Yesterday" 1967 "Return Match", "Faith Of Our Fathers"

1968 "Not By Its Cover", "The Story To End All Stores For Harlan Ellison's Anthology Dangerous Visions"

1969 "The Electric Ant", "A. Lincoln, Simulacrum"

1974 "The Pre-Persons", "A Little Something For Us Tempunauts"

1979 "The Exit Door Leads In"

1980 "Chains Of Air, Web Of Aether" ("The Man Who Knew To Lose") "Rautavaara's Case", "Frozen Journey" ("I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon")

1981 "The Alien Mind"

1984 "Strange Memories Of Death"

1987 "Cadbury, The Beaver Who Lacked", "The Day Mr. Computer Fell Out Of Its Tree", "The Eye Of The Sibyl", "Stability", "A Terran Odyssey"

1988 "Goodbye, Vincent"

Essays:

1955 "Pessimism In Science Fiction"

1964 "Naziism And The High Castle", "Drugs, Hallucinations, And The Quest For Reality", "Tips For The Beginning Writer"

1965 "Schizophrenia & The Book Of Changes" "Pessimism In Science Fiction"

1966 "Will The Atomic Bomb Ever Be Perfected, And If So, What Becomes Of Robert Heinlein?"

1968 "Anthony Boucher" "Self Portrait"

1969 "That Moon Plaque"

1972 "Notes Made Late At Night By A Weary SF Writer", "The Android And The Human"

1973 "The Nixon Crowd"

1974 "Three Sci-Fi Authors View The Future", "An Open Letter To Joanna Russ", "Who Is An SF Writer?"

1975 "The Evolution Of A Vital Love"

1976 "Memories Found In A Bill From A Small Animal Vet", "The Short Happy Life Of A Science Fiction Writer", "Man, Android And Machine"

1978 "If You Find This World Bad, You Should See Some Of The Others"

1979 "The Lucky Dog Pet Store", "Scientists Claim: We Are The Center Of The Universe" 1981 "Universe Makers...And Breakers", "Predictions", "The Tagore Letter"

1982 "How To Write Science Fiction"

1985 "How To Build A Universe That Doesn't Fall Apart Two Days Later", "Warning: We Are Your Police" (Plot Outline)

1987 "Cosmogony And Cosmology"

1988 "PKD's Blade Runner: 1968 Notes On How To Film Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?"

1992 "Joe Protagoras Is Alive And Living On Earth" (Plot Outline), "The Name Of The Game Is Death" (Plot Outline), "The Different Stages Of Love"

Letters:

• The Selected Letters Of Philip K. Dick--1974 (Published In 1981)
• The Selected Letters Of Philip K. Dick--1975-1976 (Published In 1992)
• The Selected Letters Of Philip K. Dick--1977-1979 (Published In 1992)
• The Selected Letters Of Philip K. Dick--1972-1973 (Published In 1993)
• The Selected Letters Of Philip K. Dick--1938-1971 (Published In 1996)

Verse:

• The Above And Melting (1966)
• An Old Snare (1966)
• Why I Am Hurt (1966)
• My Life In Stillness: White As Day (1983)
• On A Cat Which Fell Three Stories And Survived (1987)
• Hey, Dumb Little Girls (1988)

Films Based On PKD’s Works:

• Blade Runner (1982, Dir. By Ridley Scott, Based On: “Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?”)
  
• Total Recall (1990, Dir. By Paul Verhoeven, Based On: “We Can Remember It For You Wholesale”)
• Confessions D'un Barjo (French) (1992, Dir. By Jerome Boivin, Based On: “The Confessions Of A Crap-Artist”)
• Screamers (1995, Dir By Christian Duguay, Based On: "Second Variety")
• The Gospel According To Philip K. Dick (2000) (DVD) (VHS). Documentary About Philip K. Dick
  
• Impostor (2001, Dir By Gary Fleder, Based On: “Impostor”)
• Minority Report (2002, Dir. By Steven Spielberg, Based On: "The Minority Report")
• Paycheck (2003, Dir. By Richard Linklater, Based On: "Paycheck")
• A Scanner Darkly (2006, Based On "A Scanner Darkly")
• Next (2007, Dir. By Lee Tamahori, Based On "The Golden Man")

Links:
Philip Kindred Dick

• Philip K. Dick - Complete Stories 1 - The Short Happy Life Of The Brown Oxford And Other Stories
• Philip K. Dick - Complete Stories 4 - The Minority Report And Other Stories
• Philip K. Dick - Complete Stories 5 - The Eye Of Sibyl And Other Stories
• Philip K. Dick - The Book Of Philip K. Dick
• Philip K. Dick - The Shifting Realities Of Philip K. Dick
• Robert Crumb - The Religious Experience Of Philip K. Dick

(pwd: interzona23)